Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region

作者：Xiushu QIE,Shanfeng YUAN,Zhixiong CHEN,Dongfeng WANG,Dongxia LIU,Mengyu SUN,Zhuling SUN,Abhay SRIVASTAVA,Hongbo ZHANG,Jingyu LU,Hui XIAO,Yongheng BI,Liang FENG,Ye TIAN,Yan XU,Rubin JIANG,Mingyuan LIU,Xian XIAO,Shu DUAN,Debin SU,Chengyun SUN,Wenjing XU,Yijun ZHANG,Gaopeng LU,Da-Lin ZHANG,Yan YIN,Ye YU

摘要：The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning da

发文机构：Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation（LAGEO） Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms（LACS） Institute of Urban Meteorology College of Atmospheric Science State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions College of Earth and Planetary Science Meteorological Observation Centre Jiangxi Weather Modification Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

关键词：Lightning3DlocationDuallinearpolarimetricDopplerradarSeverethunderstormLightningdataassimilationHAILShort-termheavyprecipitation

分类号： TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]